第891章 后汉书世宗昭武帝纪(第1页)
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世宗昭武皇帝讳备,字玄德,涿郡涿县人,孝景帝十九世孙也,出自景帝生中山靖王胜。
胜生6城亭侯刘贞,贞生沛侯刘昂,昂生漳侯刘禄,禄生沂水侯刘恋,恋生钦阳侯刘英,英生安国侯刘建,建生广陵侯刘哀,哀生胶水侯刘宪,宪生祖邑侯刘舒,舒生祁阳侯刘谊,谊生原泽侯刘必,必生颍川侯刘达,达生丰灵侯刘不疑,不疑生济川侯刘惠,惠生东郡范令刘雄,雄生刘弘,昭武乃弘之子也。
胜子贞,元狩六年封涿县6城亭侯,坐酎金失侯,因家焉,昭武祖雄,父弘,世仕州郡,雄举孝廉,官至东郡范令。
昭武身长八尺,双臂长,美容颜,少孤,家贫无田地,母孝昭太后吴氏织席贩履养之,舍东南角篱上有桑树生高五丈余,遥望见童童如小车盖,往来者皆怪此树非凡,或谓当出贵人。
昭武少时,与宗中诸小儿于树下戏,言:吾必当乘此羽葆盖车,叔父子敬不悦,谓曰:汝勿妄语,灭吾门也!
年八岁,路遇族人刘惠德然遭众欺,怒而助之,众皆逃散,惠父刘勃元起异之,遂资给昭武,与惠等。
及年岁长,愈弘毅有勇力,乡中健儿游侠争相附之,昭武以关羽张飞为爪牙,以简雍季建为谋,势愈大,类霸王,县中无人不知,无人不晓。
年十五,勃遣昭武、惠共从学于同郡卢植,植于雒阳缑氏山办学,昭武、惠往雒阳,路遇公孙瓒,瓒喜,深与昭武相友,又以瓒年长,昭武以兄事之。
及至雒阳,入缑氏山,植多以高足弟子授学,昭武惑不得解,遂入雒阳,立于植府门,欲求见得解惑。
初,植不见,昭武不弃,立于府门之外,无一日有差,遇植进出,愈恭敬,再一月,植侧视之。
又一月,缑氏山学子闻之,皆笑昭武不智,瓒得知,往见昭武,曰:卢公海内大儒,名望之高,天下皆知,吾辈小人,公不欲见,如之奈何?何故立于门庭之外,惹人笑耶?
昭武正色曰:吾闻卢公昔日亦有游学时,当知游学求知之苦,吾有惑而不得解,公一日不驱,吾一日不离。
瓒默然无语。
昭武求学凡四月,不得进植府门。
后天降大雨,昭武立雨中不归,恰逢植遣车回,路见昭武,乃曰:天降大雨,汝不避雨,乃立于此,欲使吾怜汝苦心耶?
昭武恭敬曰:泰山之霤穿石,单极之绠断干,水非石之钻,索非木之锯,渐靡使之然也。
植闻之,顿觉惊异,遂召昭武入府,以王莽传试之,昭武据实以答,植喜,许昭武入其府受学,缑氏山学子闻之,皆羞惭,无颜见昭武。
后植受任九江太守,往平贼乱,遂止办学,遣散学子,昭武欲随。
瓒劝之曰:卢公以汝为弟子耶?
昭武曰:为报恩也。
瓒不语。
植以昭武有老母于家乡,遣昭武归乡,昭武泣,再拜,欲报恩,植遂许之。
昭武领羽、飞同南下入九江,与贼战,凡十三战,浴血拼杀,身先士卒,所向披靡,数破贼军,军中惊呼之曰刘无敌,植愈喜。
植领十数骑查敌情,为其所困,昭武领数百骑跃马扬刀而入,决死杀敌,身中三箭、披数创而不止,遂救植于困顿之中,后重伤昏迷,三日而复。
后植以昭武英勇无畏,使昭武为亲传弟子,授兵法、古文经学,亲而爱之,昭武有所得,授羽、飞,羽、飞亦有所得。
乱既平,植奉诏返雒阳,昭武随之,闻母病,昭武纯孝,遂泣别植,归乡侍母,母病愈,昭武奉母事产业,产业愈盛,人多从,号“涿县小孟尝”。
初,公孙瓒为辽西郡守婿,后举孝廉,有功绩,任涿令,昭武既归家,与瓒友善,瓒大喜,县中事多与昭武商议,昭武多有良策,瓒多采纳,县中清平,人多称颂昭武贤德,愈扬其名。
年十八,涿郡守韩荣闻昭武名,召昭武与见,论天下之事,有所问,必有答,荣奇之,乃以女妻之,或有问荣何故,荣曰:此子非池中物,终成大事也。
后举孝廉,入雒阳,过公府复试,为郎官,后为尚书台令史。
昭武有诗才,尝作诗,人皆奇之,争相追捧,遂声名鹊起,又善经文,能辩经,每有辩,皆得胜,尝二十四辩不败,名动雒阳。
初,袁绍以母丧而守孝三年,又补父孝三年,后隐居雒阳,阴结豪杰之士,往来河雒之间,欲图大事,闻昭武名,遂遣曹操以观,操回,绍问之,答:吾未尝得见如此英雄也。
绍喜,迎昭武往见,与论,大惊,遂拜上宾,亲奉酒。
光和五年正月,孝熹诏令公卿举奏刺史、郡守贪残害民者,欲除天下害。
太尉许馘、司空张济谀附宦官,收受贿赂,凡宦官子弟、宾客为官贪残者,皆置之不问,反举奏边远小郡为官清正、颇有政绩者二十六人,百姓冤之,遂聚雒阳,诣阙诉冤。
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